Grammar lessons
0 / 12To be: N + 이에요/예요
Attached to a noun to say 'is/am/are' in a polite, friendly way.
Topic 은/는 vs. Subject 이/가
은/는 marks the topic or a contrast, while 이/가 marks the subject or new information.
Polite Present: V/A + 아요/어요
Attached to verbs and adjectives to talk politely about present actions or states.
Place Particles: 에 vs. 에서
에 marks where something is or where you are going; 에서 marks where an action takes place.
Past Tense: V/A + 았어요/었어요
Used to talk about finished actions or past states.
Future & Plans: V + (으)ㄹ 거예요
Used to talk about future plans or to make a guess about something.
Want to: V + 고 싶다
Used to say what you want to do.
Giving Reasons: -아서/어서 vs. -(으)니까
Both give a reason, but use -(으)니까 when a command or suggestion follows.
Background & Contrast: -(으)ㄴ/는데
Sets up the background for what you say next, or contrasts two statements.
Conditional: -(으)면 (if / when)
Expresses a condition or an assumption: 'if' or 'when(ever)'.
Come to / End up: V + 게 되다
Shows that a situation changed or turned out a certain way, often regardless of one's own will.
Not only A but also B: -(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라
Adds a second fact on top of the first: 'not only ... but also'.